For pH I would say that proper cleaning, storage and maintenance of the electrode/probe will help a lot. The storage solution is usually saturated KCl, you may be able to buy the salt from a chemists. It needs to have undissolved material at the bottom.
As far as calibration is concerned, as you have already identified, there are some sensible checks that you can make. A routine one is your water supply, and it is a good idea to check it against an independent method as you are doing. In principle, the electrode response should be fixed within a very limited range. In practice this isn't always the case, especially with the less costly equipment. This means that more than one calibration buffer is ideally required. A consideration here is that the usually available ones are pH 4, 7, and 9. 7 is the only one likely to be close to what you are after. I have seen buffers for use in aquaria, in powder form (Proper pH 6.5) which might give you an inexpensive form of buffer at pretty much the pH value that you are looking for. As noted above, if using milk the extra washing required is likely to make the storage solutions more important.
Again, check that you are getting sensible results from time to time with an independent method (colourimetric tests like the one you are using are probably ideal for this).
The relationship between conductivity (what your "ppm" meter will measure), and total dissolved solids (TDS, measured in ppm) depends to some extent on the composition of the solution. However, if you ignore this effect it may be possible to add a carefully weighed quantity of salt into some water and take a reading once it has dissolved. Bearing in mind that ppm is milligrammes per litre (or grammes per tonne) you will need to either weigh out a very small amount, or make a more concentrated solution and dilute it (as accurately as possible) to give solutions in the range that you are wanting to calibrate for. It will be better than nothing, and you can simply take a note of the reading you get with these solutions (rather than adjusting your meter) and compare it against what you think you should have measured to give you an idea of how the meter is performing.